Interactions Between Public International Law and National Law (PIONIER)
PIONIER was induced by the fact that the interactions between international and national law have become increasingly frequent and have transformed the relationship between public international and national law. These interactions raise both grand theoretical and conceptual questions and technical legal questions that confront states, private parties and courts in their daily practice. PIONIER contributed to our understanding of the interplay between public international law and national law and of the direction in which these interactions evolve. Project leader was Prof. André Nollkaemper. The project was funded by NWO. PIONIER run from 2000 to 2008.